Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo-Marxist or Essay

Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo-Marxist or post-Marxist theorists of ideology with those of the classical Marxist tradition - Essay Example It is reasonable to assume that public sentiment and government economic policies (usually informed by contemporary economists noted above) are pulling in opposite directions. And the tensions created by these opposing tendencies are already giving rise to widespread social unrest, as shown by the emergence of the global solidarity movement and the World Social Forum. (Frankel,1997, p.58) In this context, it makes for an interesting exercise to understand contemporary interpretations, revisions and adaptations of Marxism, which have come to be termed variously as neo-Marxism and post-Marxism. Some of the leading figures in the neo-Marxist movement are Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, Max Weber, Karl Korsch and others. To a lesser extent French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and Frankfurt School founders Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno contributed to the broader understanding of traditional Marxist theories. One of the driving forces for neo-Marxist and post-Marxist thought is the perceived inadequacies of conventional Marxist ideology in explaining and providing solutions to common politico-economic problems. For example, in the century and a half that has passed since Marxs original theoretical formulation, only a few violence-ridden revolutions have taken place – a fact that belies Marxs prophecies on communist revolutions. The establishment of socialist regimes at the end of such revolutions too have not lasted for long (barring the case of China). Even politically overhauling events such as the two world wars have not spurred the implementation of communist ideology in a meaningful manner. While the erstwhile Soviet Union was nominally a communist state, in reality it was a brutal dictatorship not hesitant to crack the whip on its own masses. In the case of China, which is considered the last bastion for Marxist

I’m Nobody Essay Example for Free

I’m Nobody Essay â€Å"I’m Nobody! Who are You? † is a poem written by Emily Dickinson. The poem conveys the main idea of being alone, isolated from the society – or being â€Å"nobody†. This is partly influenced by the social gender status of Dickinson’s time – 19th century featured the inequality of sexes, where females were expected to stay at home and serve their husbands, thus disconnected from the society. As a result Dickinson had adapted and perhaps taken pleasure into being an outsider, whilst she found it boring to be part of the society – or to be a â€Å"somebody†. These are all various ideas reflected through Emily Dickinson’s poem. The poem has 2 stanzas very typical of Emily Dickinson’s style. Her choice of language in this poem is also very simple and succinct – but at the same time meaningful and pithy. The first line, â€Å"I’m nobody! †, shows how Dickinson admits to be a â€Å"nobody† willingly. Being a â€Å"nobody† can mean an outsider – a person who is isolated, alienated from the rest of the world and society. The second phrase of the line – â€Å"Who are you? † shows that the poem is directly written to a target. This person – shown on the second line of the first stanza, is a â€Å"nobody† too – perhaps even a friend of Dickinson. The poet also realizes the fact that being a â€Å"nobody† is to be loathed by the society. This is shown in line 3, when she advises the other â€Å"nobody† not to tell, as she states in line 4 â€Å"They’d banish us†. The word â€Å"They† in the beginning of lines 3 and 4 suggests the rest of the society – people who are â€Å"somebody†, as opposed to Dickinson’s â€Å"nobody’. The use of dash in line 3 shows the furtiveness of the phrase â€Å"don’t tell! †, emphasizing the hatred or dislike they face from the society. The same effect is achieved by the use of exclamation mark in line 3. Lines 3 and 4 can also be interpreted as that after she finds another â€Å"nobody†, they are a pair – not longer belong to a group of â€Å"nobodies†. She does not want to be banished from the status of being â€Å"nobodies†. A conclusion can be drawn that she feels more secure to be a â€Å"nobody†; she feels comfortable to be treated as a â€Å"nobody† by the rest of the society. The second stanza sees a noticeable change in Dickinson’s tone. The repetitions of â€Å"How† and â€Å"To† in the beginning of each line give a more secure and commanding tone. This can be explained by the â€Å"discovery† of another â€Å"nobody† stated by the poet in the first stanza – she feels more assured that to be a â€Å"nobody† is not too unacceptable as she is not the only one. Also perhaps because she feels more secure to be with a person who feels the same as she does and understands her, she is more willing and daring to express her more inner feelings. The poet states that it is â€Å"dreary to be somebody† in line 5 of the second stanza. â€Å"Dreary† refers to being boring or dull; and â€Å"to be somebody† suggests to be recognized by the society and belong to it. Hence Dickinson is suggesting that to be part of a society is tedious and meaningless to her, which can also implies being a â€Å"nobody† is the contrary – interesting and meaningful. A further implication may be that being â€Å"nobody† allows her to write poetry – as it is not part of the â€Å"traditional role† of women at her time to write poetry, and instead women were expected to serve only their husbands. However, being a â€Å"nobody† in the society helps her to escape her role of being a â€Å"women†, granting her freedom instead. Hence we can see that poetry is meaningful to her. She also compares that to be â€Å"somebody† is like to be â€Å"public†, another indication that Dickinson likes isolation – which is proven correctly as one would learn that she locked herself in her house for the majority of her life. Dickinson uses a simile to compare â€Å"somebody† to a â€Å"frog† in line 6. This can be explained by the fact that â€Å"frogs† are considered noisy with the sound they generate. Combining with line 8, â€Å"To an admiring bog! †, it suggests the idea that frogs create noise to be noticed – but only by â€Å"an admiring bog†. A bog is the environment in which a frog dwells – this creates an irony. Emily Dickinson is suggesting that although being a â€Å"somebody† means being noticed by the public, but the public to â€Å"somebody† is like a bog to a frog – it is not really a relationship, or friendship, as no one would say that a bog is the friend of a frog. Also the word â€Å"admiring† creates a whole sense of sarcasm to the idea – and the technique of personification is used to describe the â€Å"bog† as well, perhaps to emphasize the sarcasm of the simile. Overall the poet suggests that to be â€Å"somebody† might mean to be well-known, accepted by the society; however the relationships are often shallow, distanced or impersonal. The rhyming of the words â€Å"frog† and â€Å"bog† also suggests a congenial relationship between â€Å"Somebody† and her targeted audience – conveying the idea that the poem is a direct criticism against the â€Å"somebody† – the general public. Through the use of contrast and irony between â€Å"Nobody† and â€Å"Somebody†, her strong will to be a â€Å"nobody† is shown, as well as her despise towards â€Å"somebody†. This poem reflects Emily Dickinson’s life and perhaps her more inner and cryptic feelings – it was probably written from the heart. She imprisoned herself for the most of her life, completely isolated from the rest of the world. This may contribute to the reason why she thinks being an â€Å"outsider† is better than being â€Å"somebody†, and that she does not value â€Å"friendship† in the same way as normal people do. However at the same time it was also proven in the poem – for instance she found another â€Å"nobody† in the first stanza – that she is not totally a recluse, and that she treasures the very few friendships she had.

Importance of Making a Marketing Plan to Start-up Business

Importance of Making a Marketing Plan to Start-up Business The Importance of Making a Marketing Plan for a Company to Start-up Businesses Chapter 1 Overall Introduction A marketing plan is a document that is written when a company is being set up and which provides a clear analysis and assessment of the market. Whether you are opening a special restaurant, or establishing an Internet company, making a good marketing plan is the first step. The more accurate the plan, the more opportunities can be won. The marketing plan is not just for investors, but also for the company itself and its products. So, it is important to know where the market opportunities lie, how to design products, and how to make customers more willing to buy these products. A marketing plan needs to address several key questions, such as who are the competitors; how to beat these rivals; how to prepare enough resources about customer buying habits to enable enterprises to keep a steady stream of sales revenue; how to manage the company and how many staff to hire; how to assign jobs to them; how to set up departments. Making a marketing plan is a complex but useful activity for most companies, to say nothing of setting up a new business in the market. This paper does not mention all aspects about the marketing plan but it will give detailed explanations about the importance of making a marketing plan and some specific cases study to analyse it. Establishing a successful satisfying marketing plan will benefit some businesses. Moreover, it suits for all businesses, big or small, to converge effort toward or meet in a common purpose and determination, which will promote teamwork. At the same time, whatever a company wants to get from a business, the business can continue without clients. Marketing plan being based on understanding marketing value can help a company to appeal and hold more customers. Chapter 2 Rationales Introduction This chapter will give the reasonable reasons why it is important making a marketing plan for a company to start-up businesses. It focuses on the topic and outlines more explanations in details. Technology Innovation With the rapid development of technology, doing marketing plans could make full use of various materials. It was not known that how much influence the technology has made to marketing plans. For instance, if there is no advanced technology, it will be easy to be ignored that the plan was just written on paper for start-up businesses. This paper will give an explanation about the impact of technological development on marketing plans. Business Expansion Companies have always been looking for opportunities to increase profits. For different businesses, the role of marketing plan is not the same. Sometimes a good marketing plan may possibly help to promote sales of existing products and explore emerging markets. For example, the reason for doing a marketing plan can be to determine which market offers the best opportunities to rise for trades in a short term. Public Psychology There are generally unpredictable risks in start-up businesses. Public psychology is normally that they want to know the problems in advance and take some measures to avoid before happening. It is very necessary and effective for these people to make a well-prepared marketing plan. This paper aims to provide sufficient reasons for those who want to prepare in advance of starting a business. Chapter 3 Literature Review Introduction The purpose of this section is to provide different literature evaluations, which gives the definition of marketing planning and explains the importance of making a marketing plan for a company to start-up businesses. The main information was taken by these literature views in several books in DKIT library. Overview of Marketing Planning Global commerce, sophisticated technology, and markets are the main trend in society nowadays, which can be changed at the click of a mouse. Marketing is a dynamic function that companies needed. The gradual change is an important reason that marketers can rely upon what is presenting a new product or developing an active marketing strategy, which is the most cost-effective way to take advantage of an emerging occasion. The cases of Reflect.com and Achieva can be considered, which is that these two companies directors are also underlined that making a complete marketing plan is the key point to start up a new business. (Burk Wood, 2003) Proctor mentions that it is necessary to adopt a systematic way to arrange and carry out sales strategies. It bases on making a reasonable and effective plan. Besides, a full marketing plan includes several subsidiary plans which supplement some information detailed so as to targets having been determined can be achieved better. (Proctor, 2000) The Definition of Marketing Planning Burk Wood defined marketing planning as the organized procedure of exploring and making analysis about the marketing condition; emerging and recording marketing strategies, intentions, and platforms; and executing, assessing, and commanding events to complete the purposes. The consequence is the marketing plan, a paper in this organized method that explains what can be gained from the marketplace and shows what will be carried out for a company to reach its marketing objects. (Burk Wood, 2003) Whats more, Burk Wood presents what is the organized procedure to make a marketing plan, which makes a series of compatible marketing choices and movements for a certain company during a long term. (Burk Wood, 2013) Meanwhile, McDonald and Wilson give the definition in this process is the purpose of completing marketing objectives, which can make marketing plan to be the deliberate submission of marketing resources. Marketing plan is basically a reasonable structure and a variety of programs result in the environment of marketing objectives and the preparation of a plan to complete them. (McDonald Wilson, 2011) Making a marketing plan is the combinative and coordinative action, which concentrates on a companys activities. The calculated and deliberate resolutions should be made based on company and function levels. That can present systematic, logical and practical ideas in a marketing plan, which can lead to the right track when a company meet the barriers. (Drummond Ensor, 2001) The Advantage of Marketing Plan Burk Wood describes that the customers are primary kept focused on in marketing plan, which can lead you to decide what your company will do and what it wont do for customers, and supports you to inspect offerings in the background of competition and the marketing situation, and establish rationales to do the allocation of resources for realizing marketing proficiency and value. (Burk Wood, 2002) In addition, McDonald provides a result that marketing plan is vital in which a company need to control the gradually aggressive and difficult situation. The great mass of managers considers that marketing plan with some formal processes benefits improve this reasonableness in order to reduce the difficulties of business processes and offer practical measurements to the future development of company. Most corporations depend only upon estimation of sales and systems of budget due to the complexity and difficulty. (McDonald, 2002) The Importance of Marketing Plan There is little research experienced getting connection between the equality and achievement of plan system to evaluate if increase a market share or assess with reference of advanced cost-effectiveness. Moreover, from Capon, Farley and Hulberts study (1988), it shows that there is no positive correlation among a marketing plan and performance standard. However, a company making a structure plan has less change in profitability than other companies without it. Providing another study of Stasch and Lanktree (1980), it benefits from a sample of six companies, which found a common optimistic relationship existing among results of a marketing plan and various standards of performance evaluation. Most administrators consider that a marketing plan provides many invisible advantages while relating directly between a marketing plan and marketing performance improved is so difficult, such as carrying out serious ways for strategies development and make sure of considering outside environment. (Lehmann Winer, 2008) A large quantity of external and internal aspects influences the ability of accomplishing cost-effective transactions in a confusing way. There is little doubt that it is very important to make a marketing plan when a growing number of aggressive and complex situation are considered for a company. Furthermore, most administrators believe that a formalized marketing plan can improve the reasonableness in order to reduce difficulties of transaction operations and increase possibilities to achieve the aim for company future hopes. Due to the large difficulties, it is well-known that most companies would rather depend on estimation of sales and systems of budget. However, it relates to opportunities and problems a company will meet in the market. It is more necessary and difficult to record the chances and strategies in a marketing plan for a company. (McDonald Wilson, 2011) Chapter 4 Research Methods Introduction The main information of this chapter is to introduce the methodology which the writer indicates so that make accomplishment for the research objective. By the way, a specific method will be analysed with some practices in businesses. Moreover, it will give the purposes that why the researcher takes this method and presents findings based on these cases. we can therefore define research as something that people undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2012) Qualitative Research Creswell (2002) describes that qualitative research is quite necessary in conditions where it is confusing what accurately is being found out in a research, so as to support the researcher consider what information is essential and what isnt. Denzin and Lincoln (2000) indicate that although quantitative research is normally known for what it should be observed previously a research starts. The research procedure can develop more detailed and make writer feel more clear about the topic of study with time progresses. Secondary Research This part mentions a supply of data, which are all provided from previous study papers, journalists, magazines and newsletter as well as daily commentary. Some cases are offered to give detailed analyses about the research topic. Dawson (2009) indicates that the secondary research method is very suitable for researcher who wants to save time and be economical. In addition, various information can be obtained quickly and conveniently, which is also accessible for public. However, there are few weaknesses which is impossible to be avoided for the secondary research method. For instances, if there was no enough investigation for current situation, some out of data would be substantively collected even without any value, which is not be related to researchers needs and not available. Online Data Describe Online comments will be collected from some website that presents various arguments by some social and business elite. If possible, the researcher will create a topic post on the business website that anyone can comment on. The post of online comments will be continued for 3 days. Temporarily, some realistic practices or business news will be offered from the internet. Example of Case This fragment will give the explanation about the importance of a marketing plan for a car company named Mustang in America. Chapter 5 Discoveries and Analyses Introduction This chapter refers to the writers findings and describe the result comprehensively standing the base of research process. Findings are taken from some cases and compare within different arguments about the topic from books being used in literature review finished in chapter 3. Due to these results, analyses are generally presented to help understanding the significance of making a marketing plan for a company. Chapter 6 Conclusion In conclusion, there are advantages and disadvantages to make a marketing plan for a company to start-up businesses. Through this research including to find and read several books relating the topic benefits for those who require to establish their own businesses. Chapter 7 References Burk Wood, M. (2003), The Marketing Plan: a Handbook. NJ: Prentice Hall. Proctor, T. (2000), Strategic Marketing: an introduction. London: Routledge. Burk Wood, M. (2013), Essential Guide to Marketing Planning. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. McDonald, M. Wilson, H. (2011), Marketing Plans: how to prepare them, how to use them. 7th ed. Chichester: Wiley. Drummond, G. Ensor, J. (2001), Strategic Marketing: planning and control. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann Lehmann, D. Winer, R. (2008), Analysis for Marketing Plan. 7th ed. International ed. Boston; London: McGraw-Hill. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2012), Research Methods for Business Students. 6th ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Creswell, J. (2002), Research Design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches. 2nd ed. London: SAGE. Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (2000), Handbook of Qualitative Research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications Why Do I Need a Marketing Plan? (2016), The Australian Government Business, Australian, viewed 20 March 2017, [https://www.business.gov.au/info/plan-and-start/develop-your-business-plans/marketing/why-do-i-need-a-marketing-plan]. Dawson, C. (2009), Introduction to Research Methods: a practical guide for anyone undertaking a research project. 4th ed. Oxford: How To Books.

James Prescott Joule :: biographies biography bio

James Prescott Joule was born December 24, in 1818. James Joule was born into the wealthy brewing family of Benjamin and Alice Joule. In 1847 James Joule married Amelia Grimes, a daughter of the Liverpool Comptroller of Customs. James Joule and Amelia had three children: Benjamin Arthur (born 1849), Alice Amelia (born 1852) and a son who died in 1854 along with his wife during child birth. In 1843 James Joule read his paper to the British Association, entitled "On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity and on the Mechanical Value of Heat." This paper described the physical constant that showed that heat was a form of energy. This constant is known as "J", or "Joule's Equivalent." The unit of heat, work and internal energy are measured in joules (J). James Prescott Joule died October 11 in 1889. James Joule is buried in Westminster Abbey along with other famous people. Those Who Inspired John Dalton James Joule was tutored as a young boy by John Dalton: John Dalton was a well known Chemist and Physicist. John Dalton was born September 6 in 1766 and died July 27 in 1844. John Dalton is most recognized for his findings, which later is known as "the atomic theory". The atomic theory is the theory of the nature of matter. It states that: "all matter is composed of atoms." Lord Kelvin James Joule worked with Lord Kelvin on experiments, which later became know as the Joule-Thomson Effect: Lord Kelvin was a well known Mathematical Physicist. The well known "Lord Kelvin" born as William Thomson, June 26 in 1824 and later died December 17 in 1907. William Thomson later became the 1st Baron Kelvin, he was known as "Lord Kelvin." Lord Kelvin is most recognized for his work in thermodynamics and Kelvin temperature scale. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius James Joule was inspired by the work of Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius: Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was a Physicist and a Mathematician. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius was born January 2 in 1822, and died August 24 in 1888. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius is most recognized for his work in thermodynamics. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius introduced the concept of entropy. The Experiments (Known Today as Research) Paddle Wheel Experiment James Joule's Paddle Wheel Experiment determined the existence of a relation between heat and mechanical work. He established this by a method involving the churning water in a calorimeter by means of paddles driven by various falling weights. Through this experiment James Joule established what we call today the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Aims and Objectives of Woburn Safari Park and Thomas Cook Essay

How does Nolan’s the dark night use MELCS to good effect and what does this indicate regarding the films genre? Are there any social criticisms present? In this essay I will be explaining the way that different techniques are used, and what these show about the Dark Knight. I will be looking throughout the film at how Nolan uses various effects such as, colour, editing, lighting, camera, and sound. And how these things aren’t really what you might expect for the typical super hero film, but also how he uses them to subtlety criticize human nature. First of all I will talk about the colour used Nolan uses. Throughout the film the colour scheme always seems to be very dark but as well as this the things that are happening usually contrast this. A good example of this is at one point when the Joker is being questioned, all the lights go out and everything is pitch-black except the jokers white face. This is very effective as it really makes the joker stand out and means you can see every little detail of his face and facial expressions but don’t know what else is happening in the room. It therefore creates a whole lot of suspense about what’s going to happen next and where it’s going to come from whilst at the same time letting you see every detail of the jokers face and almost making you really understand what he’s thinking. Another point in which this contrast is shown is in Bat-mans hide away place. In there the floor is a dark dull grey/black, and the ceiling is all white lights. This is good because it makes the room seem endless and gives anything in it airs of importance and cleanliness like trophy shelves that are lit from above like the room or a dentist. This is good because in the room he keeps all his high-tech gadgets witch seem incredibly expensive and valuable when they are in the room, but then when Bat-man is using them he acts as though they are something that are disposable. Another way Nolan uses colour is in the costumes. The Joker is an especially good example of this as he wears a purple jacket, green hair, Green top, and bright red giant red lips. This shows us a lot about his character for example, purple stands for royalty and the joker becomes almost like a king by making everyone scared of him. Secondly the green stands for jealousy, and the Joker is very good at making people feel jealous and spiteful about other people. As well as maybe feeling slightly jealous at not being normal, and being unhappy himself. Lastly the joker is just completely crazy, and all his colours clashing certainly do emphasize this. Overall it is a brilliant way of showing his character and showing how different he is to everyone. I mean, you’d never miss him would you!? On the other hand the dark knight is completely the opposite of the Joker, and their clothing really shows this. As the knight is completely black it seems to show how he represents reality and order, but the joker stands for everything mad and chaotic as that is what he loves. As for the props Nolan uses, really they are quite simple. Even the high-tech gadgets batman uses all seem possible and there are no out of this world, impossible things. I think this is actually quite a good thing, as it means that it makes the whole play seem more realistic, and like something that could actually happen. Therefore it is all scarier in a slightly surreal way. Next I will look at how Nolan uses editing in the film and what effects this creates. When a lot of action is happening at the same time Nolan uses lots of quick shots of the action quickly cutting from one to the other. This is very clever as you think you’re just about to find out what’s going to happen when it cuts to the next scene which is also really tense and you want to know what’s going to happen there but it goes back to the one before. This creates lots of tension in the film and it is a bit like its flashing from scene to scene like your heart beat getting faster and faster. It also gives the sense of chaos and panic and shows you how every thing is happening at the same time. This is good as it makes you realise how hard it must be for the cops and detectives. Another similar thing he does is when two people and talking to each other about something in which one of them might react in a certain way he will keep cutting from one face to the other as you wait for the reaction to happen. This also creates tension and makes you wonder if they will react the way you think their about or not, then when it does its more of a shock. The lighting in the film is another very important element in the film. I have already explained some of it in the colour part. As with the colour most of the film is set in dark, low key lighting, with lots of shadows creating a spooky kind of atmosphere. Once again though like the colour, often he uses contrast. A place where this is very effective is when some people are looking for Bat-man and it is very dark so they all have very bright torches. All you can see is the torch light getting closer and closer towards you but nothing out of the light. This makes it seem very scary as all you can do is wait until he is in the torch light but by that time you know it will already be too late because they are too close. Another scene in witch the lighting used is very effective is in the bank robbery scene. It is once again very dark in the bank, but because this time it is lighter outside, and the room has very big windows, you get some patches of the bank where it is much lighter. This is really good because he then makes it so that when the action happens, it happens in the lighter places. This means you can clearly see what is happening in the light when something happens out of it your attention is not so focused on it so it is a surprise. Also the dim light coming from just the one side of the building creates big long spooky shadows to, witch adds nicely to the tense atmosphere. Nolan also uses camera techniques in an interesting way to create good effects. For example right at the beginning of the play there is an extreme long shot of a sky scraper. This is then slowly zoomed in; right up to one window and into an extreme close-up, then the glass in the window suddenly shatters. Nolan uses this a lot in the film with other things too, like some one face that once zoomed in you see their shocked facial expression. This creates the element of surprise means you know that something is going to happen to do with what they are zooming in on but not what exactly until your right there. It also creates tension on what that’s going to be. Another camera technique used is when something is happening the camera circles the action. This happens a lot and is good because it means you can see everything that is happening and all the reactions of people around it. In addition to this it can create serious tension and fear. A great example of this is when the Joker is about to slit the black mans mouth. The camera circles his head so that sometimes you can see his face with the knife in and sometimes just the back of his head and the Jokers facial expression. Every time the camera shows his face you wince and think, Oh no, is it going to happen now whilst I can see it. This happens over and over until eventually he slits his mouth when you can only see the Jokers expression but you know it’s been done because his face and its kind of a relief because at least you haven’t have had to watch. Lastly Nolan uses another successful effect by turning the camera around. He does this near the end when the Joker is hanging upside-down off a building. The camera is turned so that you see the Joker as if he was standing upright and it looks very strange as his hair is all over the place and his hand are waving about, but for some reason it kind of fits the Jokers. This is because the Jokers personality is all over and mad and it seems like that is where he belongs, in an upside-down world. It’s slightly ironic really. Moreover, it made it seem like the right place, and way for him to die. Another method Nolan uses to brilliant effect is sound, digetic, and non digetic. For instance throughout the film, when ever tension is building up the same music starts. It sets of quietly and slowly, building up, getting faster and louder until the pinnacle of the excitement then stops. This is very effective as it creates the feeling of panic and makes your heart start to race as you know that something’s about to happen. Sometime when this happens the non digetic sound is on its own building up until its apex when a sudden digetic noise will puncture it. This not only makes tension but also shock and fear. A good example of this is at the beginning when a window breaks. This is a great opening scene as the sound and the camera skill create loads of tension and anticipation. Nolan does another very clever thing with the sound at one point. Just after a massive explosion has happened he cuts the sound altogether, and although you can tell that really there would be loads of noise going on its silent. This is because after an incredibly loud explosion you often become deaf for a while. This is a very clever thing to do, and makes you feel like you really are part of the film. Further more without the sound you concentrate more on what you can see and all the facial expressions and whatever’s going on around. Another interesting point to think about in the dark knight is weather or not it is a normal film in the super hero genre. There are many things for and against this argument and I will look at them in this paragraph. First of all there is of course the super hero, and super villain, in this case, bat-man and the Joker. Both whom have very typical features of the super-hero genre but also some not so typical ones. To start with I will concentrate on Bat-man. Like most super heroes he is; quite wealthy, but has had a hard background and has had to build up that wealth from not very much. Is young and good looking with lots of strength and high tech gadgets. Has a different identity during the daytime, and fights crime at night, wearing a costume so no one knows who he is. Also, like a lot of super hero’s e.g. spider man he is based on some sort of animal. Lastly he has a very strong sense of right and wrong, for example his one rule never to kill anyone witch a lot of super her oes seem to have. On the other hand, although he seems to be a reasonably normal super hero, there are some things witch are slightly different. For example, a lot of the public don’t particularly like him, at one point they even try to send him to jail. Also unlike most super heroes, he doesn’t really have any sub natural powers, he just like a normal human in most ways. Also, a very big twist in the play is when the heroine dies, so like most super heroes bat-man does have heroine who he can’t really have yet. But, whereas usually at the end of the play they would get together, In Bat-man, about half way through she dies. Now as for the joker, is a bit different. Although like most super villains he is bad and has had a hard life. His attitude to life and Bat-man is quite different. Unlike most super villains, he does not really seem to hate Bat-man. Instead he sees him as game, and even when he has the chance to kill him says he is too fun to kill. This is very unusual and very different to how the baddy usually feels towards the hero. Furthermore, the reasons for the Joker to do what he does is rather strange too, because most villains do it for money or wealth or power, but the Joker doesn’t care about any of this, and just does it for fun. Overall I think that although The Dark Knight isn’t exactly what you would expect from a typical super hero movie, all in all its more that than anything else. I think that really Nolan has taken the super hero genre and added aspects from other things like horror to create a very successful, far more adult movie which will appeal to people who love all the super hero kind of movies, but also to those who usually find them a bit too childish and unrealistic.

West Nile Virus and Likelihood of Contraction essays

West Nile Virus and Likelihood of Contraction essays The West Nile Virus is the big worry this year considering sickness. This virus has swept across the country in the last four years, and has caused much worry among the public. Once the virus is caught there is a chance of death, but what most people dont know is that the chance of fatality is less than 1 percent. There are a few things that people should know about this virus to lessen the worry. They need to know what the virus is, how the virus is transmitted, and the chance of catching or even having symptoms. The West Nile virus was first detected in the United States in New York City in 1999. That first year it caused 62 cases of neurological disease in humans, 7 deaths, and left thousands of birds and horses dead. It was first it was isolated in Africa, and has since then been discovered in Europe and the Middle East along the main bird migration routes that join Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. The strain of the virus that was recently discovered in the United States seems to be closely related to one that was moving around in Israel recently (Craven, 1). This virus is an arbovirus, which means it is carried by arthropods, and is active only during the warmer months of the year which is the time that most mosquitoes will become infected by feeding on infected birds (Craven, 1). There are two dozen species of mosquitoes that can carry the West Nile Virus, but that is out of thousands of species of mosquitoes. Most of the species that do carry the virus do not readily feed on humans (Craven, 1). That shows that the risk of catching the virus from a mosquito is extremely small. Besides being transmitted by mosquitoes, another way of the virus being transmitted has been discovered as being through transplants. This year three transplant patients have been confirmed to have been infected with the West Nile Virus, one of whom died. The woman who died had received many blood transfusions from as ...

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays

The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hiter essays In the Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler there are many hidden facts that many people including myself would not know if they didnt read the book themselves. Hitler had grown up in Austria and later moved to Germany, but then he found himself broke and homeless in the streets of Austria again. Hitler was incredibly smart and knew when to ploy his actions but in the end he became greedy which led to his defeat. In the end of his life he began to deteriorate and have frequent nervous breakdowns due to dishonest generals and the conquering of his new land by Mother Russia and the United States. Hitler was a strong willed man and if he put his mind to something he would do it, this is the scariest part of him, sure he had killed millions of innocent people but in his mind they were just in the way of his goal to eventually take over Europe and if he thought he could possibly the world. He was brought up in a strict family where everything was precious, once he had left for school in Austria he had no money or place to stay and people spat and made fun of him on the streets, especially the Jewish people, this is what created his hated towards Jews. During his war campaign he only took over countries he knew he could scare into surrendering or defeat, but towards the end his greed for power and land made him turn on his ally Russia and from then on his power went sliding down hill. Hitler would not give up in his efforts to conquer, he placed his armies in positions that would lead to the death of them all but by this time he had become delusional and not caring about the l ives of his own people. This was not a fight for the Fatherland but for Hitler himself. There are many interesting things about Hitler that were exposed in the book that a standard person would not know. Such as when Hitler was in his youth trying to get into college, he was poor, homeless, and had no support at all. With nowhere to sleep h...

Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion

Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo... Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo...

The Role of the Health and Social Care Professionals in the Care of an Essay

The Role of the Health and Social Care Professionals in the Care of an ACS Patient - Essay Example 265). Social care professionals are also mandated to provide patients with ACS with sufficient information. Before arriving in the hospital, patients with ACS must be provided with adequate information by the care providers such as the ability of the hospital to adequately manage the condition. Moreover, patient centered care demands that, on arrival, patients are sufficiently informed on the procedure and investigations which they would undergo through. The informative role of health care professional is also important when patients are receiving test results. In this case, health care professional must discuss the available treatment options for the conditions so that patient is enabled to make informed decisions (Marshall, 2011, p. 48). The anxiety which patients with ACS demonstrate reveals that social care professional must be skilled and able to apply these skills in elevating the fears within the patients about their conditions. Movahed, et al (2010, p. 60) point out that the plan of the health care professionals must therefore include providing their patients with accurate information with a view of removing any misconceptions that the patients would be having about the ACS. Nonetheless the most important consideration of the heal care professionals in patient centered care for ACS is provision of evidence based knowledge to their patients and update them about the care and also the management of their condition. Furthermore, health care professionals and social care workers are mandated to assess the understanding of the patient on their condition, treatment and its management. This will allow them to provide the patients with both written and verbal information as they deem necessary (Otterstad and Brosstad, 2004, p. 10). Family members must also be provided with adequate information about the condition of the patient. However, patient centered care especially in providing information to family and friends must not violate the ethical and legal rights of the patient for confidentiality and privacy. In this regard, it is the role of the health care professionals to preserve patient confidentiality and acquire the patient’s consent before informing family and friends about critical aspects of the patient’s condition. Kumar and Cannon (2009, p. 918) shows that in the care of NSTEMI patients and ACS in general, health care professionals play a role of diagnosis and management of the heart condition. This means that health care professionals must have and make use of evidence based knowledge on the assessment, stratification or risk and the management of patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome such as STEMI and NSTEMI. The management plan for social care professionals must be focused on enhancing the experience of the patient and the outcomes of the health care (Schoenenberger, et al, 2011, p. 302). For this to be achieved, health care professional and social workers must have a comprehensive understanding of the various tools which are applied in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. These tools include physical examination, history taking, biochemical markers and ECG recording. It is thus the role of health care professional and social care providers to apply the various treatment options in the care of STEMI or NSTEMI patient after a conclusive diagnosis has been reached

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability Dissertation

In what ways do legal responsibility and professional accountability differ Be sure to cite current literature in response - Dissertation Example 134). Accountability is described by Daniels (2004) as the act of assuming responsibility for one’s actions, which is an important method to demonstrate commitment to quality client care, thus being accountable for their judgments, decisions, and actions (p. 287). The accountability of a nurse goes beyond the client, and includes the family, colleagues, and the public. Because of the field’s organization, a nurse’s accountability depends upon the hierarchical structure he or she belongs to and the situation itself. Although nursing standards are not law, they possess important legal significance (Springhouse Corporation, 2004, p. 33), thus rendering nurses legal responsibilities. For instance, when a nurse fails to act according to set standards and thus harm the patient, the nurse can be involved in a lawsuit. Once proven that there is neglect or malpractice on the side of the nurse, then he or she is charged according to law. Conclusion The nursing profession n ecessitates both accountability and responsibility, wherein being accountable equates being responsible for one’s actions, and responsibility is congruent to the rightful practice of nursing standards. The two are interrelated and affect each other.

Westpac exective summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Westpac exective summary - Essay Example Westpac has been able to focus its sustainability strategy on five key areas. Focusing on these areas has enhanced the corporation’s ability to remain amongst the top-rated sustainable organizations in the world. Conversely, the corporation’s strategy in financially positioning itself aims at a long-term strategy that incorporates a measurement criterion based on its capabilities and prospective trends that may influence the wider economy. Using this strategy, Westpac has maintained profitability despite high levels of operating costs. As a way of recognizing the important role played by internal capabilities, Westpac recognizes the importance of customers and employee satisfaction since these two strengthen an organization’s internal systems. Conversely, the corporation recognizes the role the external environment played on its profitability. Hence, Westpac was able to implement strategies that ensured profitability while minimizing risks during the global financial risks. In effect, Westpac implemented a strategy that led to a merger with St. George Bank, which increased revenues, profits, and dividends to its shareholders. Overall, Westpac should ensure that it utilized its internal capabilities and resources while understanding the value chain context in order to maintain its position as a leader in the banking

Advanced Financial Accounting Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Advanced Financial Accounting Coursework - Essay Example financial statements of 2007, prepared under historical costs convention, in comparison with financial statements of 2006 also prepared under historical cost convention. On the other hand Part B covers the analysis of financial statements of 2007, prepared under current costs convention, in comparison with financial statements for the year 2007 prepared under historical costs convention. Gross profit margin is defined as the difference between net sales and cost of goods sold. Gross profit margin ratio shows the margin left after meeting manufacturing and/ or trading costs. It measures the efficiency of production as well as pricing. The company has performed exceptionally well in 2007 as its gross profit has risen from 39.8% in 2006 to 71.6% in 2007. It is true that turnover of the company has also increased from $38250000 to $42500000 but the real contributory factor for such rise in gross profit margin ratio is huge decline in cost of sales. Cost of sales has come down from 60.9% in 2006 to mere 28.4% in 2007. Such a fall in cost of sales reflects that either there are changes in products being dealt in by the company in 2007 as compared to those dealt in by the company in 2006; or there may be effects of some technological changes in production of products resulting in such a huge decline in costs of sales. Net profit margin measures the overall efficiency of production, administration, selling, financing, pricing, and tax management. Net profits have increased from 16.59% in 2006 to 40% in 2007. This increase in net profits is the result of huge increase in gross profit margin resulting from decline in cost of sales. There is also a marginal contrition from decline in distribution and administrative costs from 10.64% in 2006 to 9.6% in 2007. Jointly considered, the gross and net profit margin ratios provide a valuable understanding of the cost and profit structure of Economica Plc and enable to identify the source of company’s business efficiency. As

Study skils (multimedia technology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Study skils (multimedia technology) - Essay Example Television is a highly accessible media for public consumption, reaching millions of viewers in the UK alone. Producers of television programmes, and in particularly of commercial advertisements, must be highly aware of the potential for the distortion of their messages in order to most efficaciously counter the distortive effects. They do so by making use of visual and auditory queues in many cases, which guide viewers toward the intended understanding. These queues may be derived by research into current social trends, psychological research, or other evolved responses. Advertisers frequently make use of more subtle queues, with the intent of changing public opinion in favour of their particular products or services. Several techniques are utilised by the producers of television programming and advertisements. Musical queues are ubiquitous, as it has been well established that particular musical queues will inspire particular feelings or thoughts in the individual listening. In con junction with imagery, musical choices can have a profound impact on the way that individuals decode the information being presented. Imagery is carefully constructed by the producers of television as well. ... Advertisers are particularly skilled in the use of subtle imagery, designed to engage the emotions of an audience while bypassing their higher cognitive functions. We know, for example, that we do not actually need many items presented in advertisements to survive or thrive, but shrewd advertisers inspire us, on an emotional level, to accept the notion that our happiness or well-being are somehow linked to the product or service presented. Our higher thought processes are largely circumvented by the imagery and musical queues presented to us, so that we end up feeling that we have some personal investment in procurement of the services or products being sold. Producers of television programmes similarly inject particular messaging into their programming, dependant upon the desired effect in the viewer. The portrayal of minority individuals in accordance with stereotypes in order to generate either sympathy or antipathy toward members of that group. While this is established within th e context of the particular programme, these feelings frequently translate to real life, especially when the same images and ideas are portrayed frequently and in different

Response to 4 students with 60 words each and 2 references for each Coursework

Response to 4 students with 60 words each and 2 references for each response - Coursework Example This was in the sense that the writer looked beyond just one area or aspect of resistance to identify three clear forms of resistance. These were the individual, group and larger system (quote). With this, it was possible to outline and equip global managers with some of the major areas of organizational change that they can give their focus to especially when they want to curtail the problem of resistance (quote). It was therefore of great importance that the writer systematically divided the forms of resistance. This particular writer paid much tribute to the fact that organizational changes are inevitable and reasons why resistance to organizational change may be resistance (quote). Much attention was however given to these that not much that not much in-depth analysis could be done on ways of addressing the resistance. Meanwhile, for the manager who uses the present study, the best way that he would benefit is for him to be made aware of some of the key problem solving solutions to resistance to organizational change (quote). The writer focused on causes of resistance to organizational change. As much as this is a useful step and way of informing managers of some practices that could lead to resistance to the changes they profess to undertake (quote), it would have been more useful if specific solutions to addressing the issues were outlined. Some of these solutions could be given in a real life case study of a known

Advanced Financial Accounting Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Advanced Financial Accounting Coursework - Essay Example financial statements of 2007, prepared under historical costs convention, in comparison with financial statements of 2006 also prepared under historical cost convention. On the other hand Part B covers the analysis of financial statements of 2007, prepared under current costs convention, in comparison with financial statements for the year 2007 prepared under historical costs convention. Gross profit margin is defined as the difference between net sales and cost of goods sold. Gross profit margin ratio shows the margin left after meeting manufacturing and/ or trading costs. It measures the efficiency of production as well as pricing. The company has performed exceptionally well in 2007 as its gross profit has risen from 39.8% in 2006 to 71.6% in 2007. It is true that turnover of the company has also increased from $38250000 to $42500000 but the real contributory factor for such rise in gross profit margin ratio is huge decline in cost of sales. Cost of sales has come down from 60.9% in 2006 to mere 28.4% in 2007. Such a fall in cost of sales reflects that either there are changes in products being dealt in by the company in 2007 as compared to those dealt in by the company in 2006; or there may be effects of some technological changes in production of products resulting in such a huge decline in costs of sales. Net profit margin measures the overall efficiency of production, administration, selling, financing, pricing, and tax management. Net profits have increased from 16.59% in 2006 to 40% in 2007. This increase in net profits is the result of huge increase in gross profit margin resulting from decline in cost of sales. There is also a marginal contrition from decline in distribution and administrative costs from 10.64% in 2006 to 9.6% in 2007. Jointly considered, the gross and net profit margin ratios provide a valuable understanding of the cost and profit structure of Economica Plc and enable to identify the source of company’s business efficiency. As

Response to 4 students with 60 words each and 2 references for each Coursework

Response to 4 students with 60 words each and 2 references for each response - Coursework Example This was in the sense that the writer looked beyond just one area or aspect of resistance to identify three clear forms of resistance. These were the individual, group and larger system (quote). With this, it was possible to outline and equip global managers with some of the major areas of organizational change that they can give their focus to especially when they want to curtail the problem of resistance (quote). It was therefore of great importance that the writer systematically divided the forms of resistance. This particular writer paid much tribute to the fact that organizational changes are inevitable and reasons why resistance to organizational change may be resistance (quote). Much attention was however given to these that not much that not much in-depth analysis could be done on ways of addressing the resistance. Meanwhile, for the manager who uses the present study, the best way that he would benefit is for him to be made aware of some of the key problem solving solutions to resistance to organizational change (quote). The writer focused on causes of resistance to organizational change. As much as this is a useful step and way of informing managers of some practices that could lead to resistance to the changes they profess to undertake (quote), it would have been more useful if specific solutions to addressing the issues were outlined. Some of these solutions could be given in a real life case study of a known

My School and Its Teaching Environment Essay Example for Free

My School and Its Teaching Environment Essay In my school, the teaching environment is very good for teachers and especially for the students. When you see the school, at first you will say â€Å" wow! Excellent facilities, playground for teachers and students, cozy cafeteria and a library with good ambience where you can study comfortably, all classrooms are air-conditioned, enough computers for students with the ratio of 1:1 with internet connection. Each student has internet password as well as the teachers and staffs. The school used Fiber Optic line for internet (this is part of my work where I maintain the internet connection for the whole school). In my first 2 years in this school, I was assigned in Middle School but this year I was transferred to Elementary Department as Head of Information Technology including repair and maintenance with 24 hours a week teaching load for students from grade 1 to 5 (too many works hehehe) forgot to mention at the same time I am one of the administrators for TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language) exam. Every year, especially year-end everybody is waiting for contract renewal, thinking who will be renewed and who will say goodbye. If someone will leave then we are thinking who will replace them. Why? Simply because we are waiting for another teacher who will introduce another technique in teaching or I simply put it this way for new teachers: If you can’t beat us, then join us†¦ hahahahaha! The Culture of this country (Thailand) is almost the same in our country (Philippines) when it comes to being hospitable and respecting other people. They have great respect with each other especially with the old ones. In my school, students develop respect and tolerance for all others, regardless of religion, race, or class. One of the most distinctive Thai customs is the wai. Showing greeting, farewell, or acknowledgement, it comes in several forms reflecting the relative status of those involved. Generally, the salutation involves a prayer-like gesture with the hands, and it also may include a slight bow of the head. This salutation is often accompanied by a serene smile symbolizing a welcoming disposition and a pleasant attitude. Thailand is often referred to as the Land of Smiles in tourist brochures. There are a number of Thai customs relating to the special status of monks in Thai society. Due to religious discipline, Thai monks are forbidden physical contact with women. Women are therefore expected to make way for passing monks to ensure that accidental contact does not occur. A notable social norm holds that touching someone on the head may be considered rude. Pointing at or touching something with the feet is also considered rude. In every activity we do whether it is curricular or extra-curricular, we always align it to their culture if this is acceptable or not. But since we do have native speakers, sometimes they don’t even care about the culture. They always say that â€Å"Everybody knows what Thailand is† (for them most of the Thai women are slut, people have already changed) but somehow these native speakers must learn how to adapt into this environment. Yes, maybe that is their perception in this county and they forgot that they are Teachers. Teachers should give moral values and educate them in proper way. One of the problems of this school and even this country, discrimination between Asian and English Native speakers are very obvious. Sometimes they just use these native speakers as front of the school but most of the teachers are Asian who are more dedicated to work and yet under paid compared to these native teachers. Our administrators are composed of Executive Director (owner), Associate Executive Director, Business Director, Curriculum Coordinator, Student Support Coordinator, Principals and PTA. PTA in this school is very active in every. If we have activities either curricular or extra-curricular, the parents are always there to support us. Just to name a few for extra-curricular activities: 1. Students vs Teachers and Staff football match 2. Teachers and Staff vs Parents football match 3. Teachers, Staff and Parents vs Military Personnel Football Match 4. Teachers and Staff Football Match These are some interesting extra-curricular activities that everybody loves to see. Because even the owner of the school also plays in this event. We do have some curricular activities such as: 1. Debate in English(I’m the coach) 2. Debate in Thai 3. Public Speaking 4. Spelling 5. Story Telling 6. Quiz bee

Overview of Image-Based Shading Techniques

Overview of Image-Based Shading Techniques Rishabh chand sharma Brahmdutt bhora Abstract— Image processing input, such as a photo or video frame is an image for which any form of signal processing functions by using images using mathematical is processing. Most image processing techniques, such as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image signal is treated. Image processing methods used are two types of analog and digital image processing. Shading is also useful in image rendering. Rendering through computer programs, (collectively, can be called a scene file or model) is the process of creating an image of the 3D model from 2D images. In the processing of images, shading is very important method for smooth the surface and get the results. Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. In this paper we introduce the comparisons between different types of shadings. Here introduce which shading method is best rather than others. Keywords— image processing, image rendering, shading. I. INTRODUCTION An image is an array, or matrix, of square pixels (picture elements) arranged in rows and columns. A grayscale image (8 bit) for each picture element ranges from 0 to 255 that is a fixed intensity. Each picture element of grayscale images (8 bit) usually calls a black and white image, but the image includes many shades of gray. Here shows square grayscale image which have different type of shade with differ values means each pixel have a particular value within range (0 to 255). Figure 1: Each pixel has a value from 0 (black) to 255 (white). The possible range of the pixel values depend on the colour depth of the image, here 8 bit = 256 tones or grayscales. Image processing: An image processing system is to get a magnified image (digital image) from an image or to extract some useful information from it. This is a method to take some action on it. The characteristics associated with the input image or the image can be output as video frames or photo, is a type of image in which the signal system. They have already set up to implement signal processing methods, image processing systems, while generally treated as two-dimensional signals, images. Image processing basically includes the following three steps- Image importing with the optical scanner or digital photography. Analysis and data compression and image enhancement which include manipulating the image and satellite images that is not like the human eye for spotting pattern. The production is based on the result image or image analysis in the report can be changed, which is in the final stage. Image processing methods used are two types of analog and digital image processing. Analog or printout of image processing and visualization techniques like photographs can be used for hard copies. Digital processing technology is using computer manipulation of digital images that helps. The method by which images are produced the real space, light, and the interactions between objects in the camera often significant shading across the image field of view leads to situations where exhibits. In some cases, may be bright in the center of the image and the same goes to the edge of the field of view as the decrease in brightness. In other cases, the image on the right side to the left may be darker and lighter. Cinematography non-uniform illumination, non-uniform sensitivity camera, or on the glass can also be caused by dirt and dust (lens) surfaces. Shading: Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. Shading is use in the MIP and LMIP [1]. Here we include two types of shading techniques. Flat shading Smooth shading Further we discuss in part II about image rendering and modeling, in part III discuss about shading techniques used in image rendering and conclude the paper in part IV. II. IMAGE BASED MODELING AND RENDERING Image-based modeling and rendering techniques, image synthesis recently a powerful alternative to traditional geometry-based technology has received as much attention [2]. Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model by means of a software program. The model is a description of three dimensional objects in a strictly defined data structure. It contains geometry, viewpoint, texture and lighting information [3]. We can distinguish two fundamental approaches to rendering: geometry-based and image-based rendering. In geometry-based rendering, a scene is described using geometrical primitives, which are discredited into points, lines and triangles for rendering [3]. In image-based rendering, a scene is rendered making use of multiple input images, without any 3D object or scene information [3]. Most rendering algorithms are a combination of these two paradigms, for example texture mapping (image-based) in polygon rendering (geometry-based) [3]. In the image rendering we use three types of rendering techniques. Scanline rendering: Scanline rendering instead of a line-by-line on the works that appear as 3D computer graphics, is an algorithm to determine the surface of a polygon-to-polygon or pixel by pixel. All of polygons before they appear for the first time at which the Y, the image on the front of each line or polygon with scanline sorted list by using the intersection of a scanline calculations, are solved by coordinating the provided that the sorted list is not as advanced active scaline photo below, visible long polygon is updated to discard. The main advantage of this method is that the scanning plane with the usual sorting corner reduces the number of comparisons between the edges. Ray tracing: Ray tracing through pixels in an image plane of light tracing the path of light through pixels and their encounters with virtual objects to create an image by simulating the effect of a technique. Ray casting: Ray casting computer graphics and computational geometry to solve a variety of problems in testing is the use of ray-surface intersection. 2D image based rendering: Such sprites, billboards, Impostors, and Layering image on a screen to display images as 2D techniques. Sprites, billboards, and Impostors some demarcation geometry as a structure instead of applying the image, image technique employs an off-screen. 3D image based rendering: 3D IBR 2-D methods when compared to the realism of rendered images, but only slightly increased with the complexity that involves the addition of several techniques. Examples of IBR layered 3D depth, images, view morphing, and includes view interpolation. 4D image based rendering: Last IBR approach to provide a four-dimensional function, a simplified view function Plenoptic implements. Image data for synthetic and real-world scenes recently developed two methods for rendering camera views have been. Figure 2: A variety of rendering techniques applied to a single 3D scene III. IMAGE BASED SHADING AND TECHNIQUES Color presents a problem for shape-from-shading methods because it affects the apparent â€Å"shading† and hence the apparent shape as well [4]. We take as our deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nition of shading that it is the sum of all the processes affecting the image intensity other than changes in surface color (hue or brightness). Shading arises from changes in surface orientation and illumination intensity [4]. Shading 3D models with varying levels of darkness in the picture refers to the depiction of depth perception. Shading less dense or lighter areas with a lighter shade or darker areas more densely media apply a darker shade on the paper with dark levels is used for illustration in the drawing, and is . The straight lines of varying proximity to the shadows are drawn in a grid pattern in a region where there are different techniques of cinematography, including the cross hatching. Dark, with the lines and odd field appears. Similarly, the different lines, appears lighter area. Figure 3: Example of shading In the image processing, we shaded the image with the help of two techniques- Flat shading Smooth shading Flat shading: Their respective colors and a lighting technology is used in each polygon of an object based on the angle between the intensity of the light source 3D computer graphics and general surface light source in the direction of flat polygon shading shadow. The main disadvantage of the flat shading, the low polygon model provides a versatile look. Sometimes may be it boxy look modeling objects such as profit through. Smooth shading: The main disadvantage of the flat shading, the low polygon model provides a versatile look. Sometimes it boxy look modeling objects such smooth shading, pixel by pixel, to the contrary, flat shading with color changes. The curved surfaces of the polygon vertices interpolation technique uses to calculate the values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the pixels holds. Smooth shading Hakrup divided into two major categories through the benefits might be. Gouroud shading: Gouraud shading surfaces represented by polygon meshes to produce continuous shading of computer graphics is used as an interpolation method. Gouraud shading is most often at the corners of each triangle of light and linear triangle covered by computing the resulting color for each pixel by interpolating surfaces triangle is used to obtain continuous light. Gouraud shading, flat shading and Phong shading is considered better than the much less processing is required, but generally results in a multilateral track. Phong shading than, Gouraud shading strength and weakness lies in its projection. The corner count expensive light color values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹from samples interpolating, corner than a mesh screen space covers more pixels, so as to reduce the processor Phong shading calculations performed for each pixel of light is intense. However, the highly localized light effects will not be rendered correctly, and in the middle of a polygon is a highlight, but does not spread to the top of the polygon, then it will not be clear in rendering a Gouraud; A highlight is on top of a polygon Conversely, if, it will be rendered correctly on the summit, but all through the neighboring polygon interpolation method will be spread across unnatural. Figure 4: Comparisions of Flat shading and Gouroud shading Phong shading: Phong shading 3D computer graphics shading the surface as an interpolation technique shows. It also called Fong interpolation or normal vector interpolation shading. In particular, the rasterized polygon normals across the surface of the interpolated normals and interpolates and calculates a reflection model based on pixel color. Interpolation and Fong Fong Fong shading also can refer to specific combinations of reflection model. Gouraud shading Phong shading correction and the shading of a smooth surface provides a better approximation. Phong shading a smooth surface normal vector is different. Phong reflection model, such as the small specular highlights that when applied to a reflection model Fong interpolation method works better than Gouraud shading. Figure 5:Visual illustration of the Phong equation: here the light is white, the ambient and diffuse colors are both blue, and the specular color is white, reflecting a small part of the light hitting the surface, but only in very narrow highlights. The intensity of the diffuse component varies with the direction of the surface, and the ambient component is uniform (independent of direction). Specular highlights are found in the middle of a large polygon Gouraud shading with the most serious problem occurs. The specular highlights peak based on the color of the polygon vertices and Gouraud shading interpolates are absent, specular highlighting will disappear from the interior of the polygon. This problem is fixed by Phong shading. Figure 6: Comparisions between flat shading and phong Shading Figure 7: Comparisions between flat, gouroud and phong shading IV. CONCLUSION Image processing is the wide area use in everywhere like in medical, video games, visual effects etc. Rendering is the method for view digital images and process them. Shading is use in image rendering. In this paper we represent the shading techniques and show the comparisons between them. Now conclusion of this paper is, Phong shading is better than other shading techniques like as flat shading and gouroud shading. In the further technologies we discuss the upcoming shading techniques. V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The first guide is thankful to Brahdutt Bohra for instructive suggestions, and also wants to thank the Dr. Surender yadav. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life. REFERENCES [1] Feng Ling, Ling Yang. â€Å"Improved on Maximum intensity projection†. 2009 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence .978-0-7695-3816-7/09 $26.00  © 2009 IEEE DOI 10.1109/AICI.2009.202. [2] Heung-Yeung Shum and Sing Bing Kang. â€Å"A Review of Image-based Rendering Techniques†. [3] Mandakini Kaushik, Kapil Kumar Nagwanshi, Dr. Lokesh Kumar Sharma. â€Å"A Overview of Point-based Rendering Techniques†. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology- volume3Issue1- 2012. ISSN: 2231-2803. [4]Brian V. Funt, Mark S. Drew, and Michael Brockington. â€Å"Recovering Shading from Color Images†. ECCV’92, Second European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 124-132, May, 1992.

Essay --

Fifty Shades of Human Development Monique Richardson Georgia State University Christian Grey is one of the main characters of the novel and trilogy â€Å"Fifty Shades of Grey† by E.L. James. Christian Grey is the owner and CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings Inc. At the age of twenty-eight years old, Christian appears to be an altogether, young, successful, handsome business man but he has a dark side. Christian secretly practices BDSM with consenting women who agree to keep his secret by contract. BDSM stands for bondage, discipline, dominance, submission, sadism, and masochism. Christian was born in Detroit and adopted by the Grey family in Seattle, WA at four years old after his mother commits suicide; he was alone with her body for four days without food. Christian Grey has many stressful events throughout his life that caused him to lack from developmental stages from childhood to adulthood. At four years old, Christian Grey is neglected by his birth mother who he refers to in adulthood as the â€Å"crack whore†. He was physically abused by her pimp who also made him to be a human ashtray. When his mother commits suicide, Christian remains in the same hotel room with her body for four days with nothing to eat except frozen peas. After Christian was adopted by the Grey family, he remained throughout early to middle adulthood vulnerable to his memories of the past by having recurrent nightmares. When Christian was fifteen years old, he began his first BDSM secret affair with Mrs. Robinson, an older married woman and friend of the Grey family who believed such a relationship would help his delinquent behavior. Christian goes through child mistreatment and abuse throughout his life. He suffered from physical abuse, child neglect, ... ...osite sex. In adulthood, Christian’s perspective of his birth mother as the â€Å"crack whore† continues because of his memories of her lack of nurturing and attention to his needs to find other ways to be self-sufficient at a young age. In connection to Freud’s theory, Christian remains in the phallic stage in adulthood because sex is his outlet for his deep, unresolved issues with his mother. E.L. James portrays Christian Grey’s character development with abuse, Freud’s theory, and Erikson’s theory throughout the novel, Fifty Shades of Grey. Reference Page James, E. L. (2012). Fifty shades of Grey. New York: Vintage Books. Prior, Emily . "What is BDSM?." Examiner.com. N.p., 22 June 2009. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. . Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Against drugs :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Drugs should not be legalized because there would be an increase in drug abuse due to its availability. Legalized drugs would become cheaper and more appealing to people who previously had not tried drugs. Addicts who tend to stop, not by choice, would not stop because drugs would be more accessible if legalized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The result of drug abuse is thousands of addicts in denial. The good news is that the United States had 286 million dollars and 81,762 drug seizures due to drugs alone, but the bad news is that the number of prisoners has reached 70 percent which will cost the taxpayers 30 million dollars a year to put them in jail annually. (U.S. Department of Justice 1996). Also will the drugs have an effect on the worlds future children if made legal. There is a higher possibility of drug abuser parents if drugs are made legal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For several decades drugs have been one of the major problems of society. There have been escalating views on the war against drugs and countless dollars spent on rehabilitation, but the problem still exists. Not only has the problem increased but drug related problems are on the rise. Drug abuse is a killer in the country. Some are addicts, while others become users.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Has drug abuse played a part in criminal activity? If so how? What will happen to our society, if drugs are legalized? Legalization of drugs is not in the future of the country. Why does the idea of legalization appear and reappear when there is so little support for it? Some proponents of legalization are seeking to normalize the behavior of drug- taking, and many of them are people who use, or have used drugs with little significant impact. Many proponents are wealthy members of the elite who live in

Figure of a Mother Holding a Child Essay

Created in the nineteenth century by an unknown Lulua artist, the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child is a very interesting sculpture because there are multiple ways of understanding its import. On one hand, the sculpture is a perfect depiction of the pain of starvation that the African people have been experiencing for a long time, and that nobody outside of Africa has done anything consequential about – despite the fact that the entire world discusses it. On the other hand, it represents a ritual that the Lulua tribe of the Democratic Republic of Congo had practiced for its own survival (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). The sculpture is that of a skinny, African female with an infant in her arms. The woman’s head is larger than her body. The bone lines on her neck are particularly telling. Even so, the bone lines on her neck and the wrinkles on her face had actually been created by the artist to show that the Lulua peoples had used scarification to adorn their bodies (â€Å"Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo;† â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). Indeed, it is scarification that adorns the woman carrying the infant. Just the same the viewer is made to feel sorry for the woman and her child because they appear extremely poor. Made with wood and copper alloy, the woman in the sculpture has bulging eyes and a â€Å"pointed base (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). † According to the Brooklyn Museum, the base was most probably â€Å"thrust into a pot containing earth and various bishimba, or materials of mineral, plant, animal, or human origin endowed with protective powers (â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child†). † In actuality, the sculpture had been created for a Lulua woman who had experienced difficulties in childbirth. The Lulua people believed that it was the evil spirit which interrupted the process of childbirth for many women. So that the woman would attract the ancestral spirit of the Lulua tribe to get rid of the evil spirit, the artist gave her the sculpture to care for until delivery. The bulging eyes of the sculpture reveal that the woman is aware of the influence of the evil spirit that is stopping her from becoming a mother (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). The Lulua peoples had migrated from western Africa to the Democratic Republic of Congo during the eighteenth century. These people lived in â€Å"small regional chiefdoms,† and therefore formed closely knit communities (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). Because they were immigrants, they were rather concerned about their continuity. Moreover, the Lulua people believed that their sculptures had to be made for religious reasons (â€Å"Lulua Tribe†). The Lulua artists who created sculptures such as the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child must have had faith that they were carrying out their moral duty toward their own people. Indeed, the religious values of the Lulua people were guarded by their art. Sculptures of female were quite popular among them, as these figures exemplified â€Å"the union of physical and moral beautify (â€Å"Figurative Sculpture†). † The Lulua people believed in equating proper behavior with physical beauty (â€Å"Figurative Sculpture†). It can be inferred that the Figure of a Mother Holding a Child and all other sculptures created for the same reason were reminders for the Lulua people that the human body cannot be separated from morality. This principle is clearly exemplified by the bond between mother and child. Works Cited â€Å"Figurative Sculpture. † Central African Art. 4 Dec 2007. . â€Å"Figure of a Mother Holding a Child. † Brooklyn Museum Collections: African Art. 4 Dec 2007. . â€Å"Lulua Tribe: Democratic Republic of Congo. † For African Art. 2006. 4 Dec 2007. .

Case study: Authority and leadership Essay

Introduction Question 1: Julie’s advantages and disadvantages of belonging to a group As a leader, it is imperative to understand the personality differences and cultural diversity of the employees. This is one of the main advantages that Julie has as a leader. She will be managing a group of people, whom she knows their strengths and weakness. She understands who amongst the employees can be able to perform particular tasks or not. The second advantage is that she understands what she has to do to motivate the employees, and foster productivity within the institution. Having been with these friends, she understands pretty well their wishes, and how the company can assist in improving their morale. On the other hand, though, the main disadvantage will be the expectation of favours from the friends. For instance, they may want to be treated in a special way, like being given more off days, increase their salaries or reduce the amount of work that they have been performing. This may interfere with their productivity or lead to some conflicts (Allen, & Judd, 2009). Secondly, how to separate friendship and business may be a daunting task. The friends may fail to give her the respect that she deserves as a leader, which negatively affects the effectiveness and discipline within the institution. Question 2: how Julie will establish herself as a legitimate authority Julie will need to define the relationships, both at the workplace and out of the institution. She should let her friends know that she is a leader of the institution, and has a duty to perform and objectives to achieve. This will ensure that her friends respect her at the workplace, and learn how to draw a line and respect the boundaries of their relationships. Secondly, Julie should let her friends know that by respecting her, they will be submitting to the institution that has employed them. Her authority comes direct from the constitution establishing the health institution, and therefore everyone has the duty to obey, and perform their duties. Thirdly, she should treat everyone fairly, regardless of whether they are her friends or not. This will ensure that she is respected as a leader. Case study 2 Question 1: how to motivate oneself in the new position The new position in the workplace leads to a number of challenges. This may emanate from the fact that one is not familiar with the new environments, new systems and the capability to perform the tasks. Under this situation, the level of confidence may be affected, which on the other hand will interfere with performance. However, motivating oneself through positive attitude and thoughts will lead to productivity, and effectiveness (Bowling & Beehr, 2006). One should have the motivation to learn new tactics in the new position in order to become more competent. Question 2: motivation state of HIM staff At the time of assuming the position of director, the majority of the HIM staff had low morale that was affecting their work. This was attributed to the previous leadership that failed to focus on the growth and development of the staff members. The majority of them did not have the right skills to perform their duties, and this continued to affect their competence and motivational level. Question 3: proactive strategies to reduce conflicts From the podcast provided, conflicts are inevitable within an organization, but can be managed to avoid making affecting the normal operations. enhancing communication, and encouraging the employees to express their emotions are some of the proactive means that can be used to mitigate conflict in the workplace (Liu, Spector, & Shi, 2006). The managers should also be weary of the personality differences and cultural diversity, and seek to create harmony. References Allen, J. F., & Judd, B. B. (2009). Participation in decision-making and job satisfaction: Ideal and reality for male and female university faculty in the United States. Human Communication, 10(3), 157–179. Bowling, N. A., & Beehr, T. A. (2006). Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 998-1012. Liu, C., Spector, P. E., & Shi, L. (2007). Cross-National Job Stress: A Quantitative and Qualitative Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28(2), 209-239.

Glass Cockpit Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Glass Cockpit Technology - Essay Example cial issue that guarantees the safety of a flight and aviation technology and that is the interface between the pilot of a modern aircraft and the glass cockpit display. The safety of every flight will depend on one hand from technological standpoint and on the other hand from the capability, awareness, knowledge and experience of the pilot. (Schmelzer, n.d). Pilots do study in order to learn the systems of an airplane. In every situation, pilots should always have to be alert of the situation, panels and displays, and the controls. The main issue that must be monitored to maintain safety and create awareness is the human-machine interaction. The combination of human cognitive capabilities and the machine is a great help to confront existing problems (Schmelzer, n.d). According to a series of studies on automation in glass cockpit, the lack of pilot â€Å"Situational Awareness† is a concern for those who work in the flight deck safety area. This occurrence has proven to have potential cause, from surprise action of the increasing autonomous automation, to confusion over the state of the automation (Schmelzer, n.d). According to the previous studies, lack of related information and misunderstanding of available data can lead to unwanted decisions and actions on the part of the pilot. Little information of environmental data and automation activity has been considered as factors of the major aviation incidents (ACRC 1996, BEA 1992). There are three steps an achieving situational awareness that Endsley suggest: (1) the way the automation state is assessed; (2) comprehension of the situation; (3) projecting the future condition of the system. They use these steps as their working model in order to identify different problems (Schmelzer, n.d). This paper tackles a new technology known as the glass cockpit and explains the human factors that influence its implementation. It describes the issues of the glass cockpit technology and the human factors related to the

Thin film lab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Thin film lab - Essay Example Introduction: Evaporation is a physical vapor deposition process, which involves vaporization of material to be coated through thermo-mechanical treatments, transport of that material in vapor phase to the substrate surface, and consequent deposition on the surface of the substrate based on adhesion (Pulker, 1999). Evaporation is a very common technique for film deposition, which has been used since ages to coat glass, silicon and other substrates with coatings of a very wide range of materials. The most common technique used to characterize film growth for evaporation deposited films employs measurement of surface film resistivity, which depicts the behavior of formation of islands of nuclei of various sizes, followed by Ostwald Ripening, sintering and cluster migration, leading to continuous film growth (Ohring, 1992). Using these vastly used deposition and characterization techniques, we deposited and analyzed copper films. Theory: Evaporation deposition technique involves three e ssential steps (Thornton, 1988): 1. Evaporation of material to be coated to obtain vapors for deposition. 2. Transport of vapors to substrate for deposition. 3. Physisorption of vapors on substrate surface, leading to nucleation and film growth. Resistance heating is a method to carry out evaporation of the target material. This is done simply by using wires or plates of high resistance, which have high resistance heating in accordance with Joule’s Law (COMSOL, 1998-2011). Wires, filaments, boats, plates or other shapes of these heaters may be used in accordance with the shape of the element to be evaporated. Refractory metals such as tungsten, tantalum and others are used for this purpose. Sublimation furnaces, crucible sources or electron beam evaporators can also be used as the heating technique (Ohring, 1992). Vapor phase transport depends on mean free path of the gas used. Mean free path is the average distance that a molecule travels in a gas chamber between two consecu tive collisions (Weisstein, 1996-2007). Pressure is the main factor controlling the mean free path. Depending upon the pressure and mean free path, different pressure ranges are termed as low vacuum, medium vacuum, high vacuum or ultrahigh vacuum as shown below: Figure 1: Vacuum Ranges Shown with Pressure Ranges for Comparison. Illustration from Ohring, 1992. Surface preparation is an essential part of surface deposition processes, which include surface cleanliness, substrate preheating, plasma assistance with evaporation and other factors. All these factors and the processing parameters of the evaporation technique combine to produce the morphology, growth rate and microstructure of the deposited films (Thornton, 1978; Holland, 1956; Caswell, 1963). Experimental Method: As has been mentioned, surface cleaning plays an important role in the deposition. To make sure the substrate is not contaminated – which may lead to deposit contamination – we used gloves throughout t he handling process. The four glass slides were agitated in a vibration tank to loosen contaminants, cleaned with alcohol, followed by blow drying of the cleansed slides with argon. These glass slides were then placed in marked containers. The evaporator preparation consisted of the following steps: 1. Tungsten wire was wound to form a filament. 2. Copper pieces, which were to be evaporated later, were placed on the tungsten filament at three places. 3. Glass slides were placed in premade stencils to ensure

Comparison of Barack Obama's and John Mccain's Policies on Poverty and Essay

Comparison of Barack Obama's and John Mccain's Policies on Poverty and Welfare in the US - Essay Example Though there are a number of policies on which both the sides have differing views, an effort has been made in this paper to compare the policies of both candidates on 'poverty and welfare in the US'. McCain's stand: John McCain has expressed his support for direct federal poverty aid through religious, community-based or other non-profit organizations. He says1, "Welfare and anti-poverty assistance is a shared responsibility among federal, state and local government; the private sector; community and faith-based organizations. Welfare policy must provide a strong safety net, while promoting work, responsibility, self sufficiency and dignity." In addition McCain has come out maintained the following principled position on some of the issues concerning poverty and welfare2: Even when a parent works full-time earning minimum wage and EITC and food stamps are factored into their income, families are still $1,550 below the federal poverty line because of the flat-lined minimum wage. Obama and Biden also realize that ex-offenders are a very critical community, which needs to be taken care of well, in order not to let them feel isolated. For this category they plan to work to ensure that ex-offenders have access to job training, substance abuse and mental health counseling, and employment opportunities. It is worthwhile here to ment... The team of Barak Obama has come out with a detailed plan of action to take care of the poverty and welfare issues. Salient features of their plan include; Helping Americans in Grabbing and Holding on in order to Climb the Job Ladder Creating a Green Jobs Corps in order to strengthen the energy efficiency programs and strengthen the communities. Bring out improvement in Transportation Access to Jobs Obama and Biden also realize that ex-offenders are a very critical community, which needs to be taken care of well, in order not to let them feel isolated. For this category they plan to work to ensure that ex-offenders have access to job training, substance abuse and mental health counseling, and employment opportunities. Raising the Minimum Wage to $9.50 an Hour by 2011 Providing all low and middle-income workers a tax relief of about $500 to offset the payroll tax being paid by those low paid workers. Expanding the Nurse-Family Partnership to all 570,000 low-income, first-time mothers each year. Increasing the number of sick days for low-paid workers Increasing the Supply of Affordable Housing for the poor sections of the society. Increase the levels of investments in rural areas Creating secure borders and strengthening the immigration policies. 2. For each policy, evaluate how it might impact the state of poverty in the U.S. It is worthwhile here to mention that on the one hand John McCain is supposed to tread a cautious line while spelling out the agenda points for bringing out a 'change', because he has to maintain that the legacy is not disturbed too much. On the other hand, Barak Obama is not bound any such legacy. So, on the one hand he criticizes the existing policies of Bush